Education and Egalitarianism in America :: American Education School Educators Essays

Education and Egalitarianism in America The American educator Horace Mann once said: "As an apple is not in any proper sense an apple until it is ripe, so a human being is not in any proper sense a human being until he is educated." Education is the process through which people endeavor to pass along to their children their hard-won wisdom and their aspirations for a better world. This process begins shortly after birth, as parents seek to train the infant to behave as their culture demands. They soon, for instance, teach the child how to turn babbling sounds into language and, through example and precept, they try to instill in the child the attitudes, values, skills, and knowledge that will govern their offspring's behavior throughout later life. Schooling, or formal education, consists of experiences that are deliberately planned and utilized to help young people learn what adults consider important for them to know and to help teach them how they should respond to choices. This education has been influenced by thr ee important parts of modern American society: wisdom of the heart, egalitarianism, and practicality... the greatest of these, practicality. In the absence of written records, no one can be sure what education man first provided for his children. Most anthropologists believe, though, that the educational practices of prehistoric times were probably like those of primitive tribes in the 20th century, such as the Australian aborigines and the Aleuts. Formal instruction was probably given just before the child's initiation into adulthood -- the puberty rite -- and involved tribal customs and beliefs too complicated to be learned by direct experience. Children learned most of the skills, duties, customs, and beliefs of the tribe through an informal apprenticeship -- by taking part in such adult activities as hunting, fishing, farming, toolmaking, and cooking. In such simple tribal societies, school was not a special place... it was life itself. However, the educational process has chang ed over the decades, and it now vaguely represents what it was in ancient times, or even in early American society. While the schools that the colonists established in the 17th century in the New England, Southern, and Middle colonies differed from one another, each reflected a concept of schooling that had been left behind in Europe. Most poor children learned through apprenticeship and had no formal schooling at all. Those who did go to elementary school were taught reading, writing, arithmetic, and religion.

Critical Analysis of Presentations

I have chosen to analyse the performance of Jamie Hackshaw (Son), Danny Hodsall (Father) and Lee Green (Doctor), and my own group's presentation, which were both based on breaking the news of cancer. Danny Hodsall's group portrayed the news of cancer being broken to a Father and Son in a Doctor's Surgery. Ours involved the news being broken initially to the victim's daughter, and then to the rest of the family. In Danny's group, the doctor was positioned with his back to the audience. This was effective because it meant that the focus was not on his face, just on the reactions of the Father and Son. It might have created a problem with acoustics and blocked the audience's view of the Father and Son's faces, but was avoided by the way the actors positioned themselves. The Doctor spoke loudly to compensate. In our group, I (Julie) was incorrectly positioned, with my back to the audience during the second scene, which I feel might have impaired the audience's view of my reaction, and the reactions of other members of the group. In the Doctor's Surgery, fewer characters and no unnecessary conversations made a strong impact, focussing on reactions when the news is broken. This also meant it felt realistic. One problem with taking this approach could be that there was less opportunity for personalities to be conveyed to the audience through interaction with others. In my opinion, the impact of the news was greater because the personalities of the characters were not elaborated on. In our presentation, the story was slightly more complex, as more characters were involved. It focused on the situation in which the characters found out, as well as their reactions. This could be considered a disadvantage, as it took attention away from the impact of the bad news. However, one advantage of having a larger group of characters would be that personalities are easily distinguished/ recognised due to interaction with others. The change of scene in our presentation added variety. Scene two added to the tension/awkwardness of the situation, as the family had just sat down to a quiet dinner when the news was revealed, causing chaos. Important aspects of both presentations were the Parent/Child relationships. In the ‘Doctor's Surgery', a stereotypical Father/ son relationship was illustrated by use of language. An example of this was the Father's comment to his son † At least you'll get to have time off school† This and other reassuring comments (from the son also) gave the impression that Father and Son were hiding their emotions from each other, although clearly their fears were just below the surface. In contrast, the ‘Mother-and-Daughter' relationship between Emma (Sarah) and Charmaine (Hannah) was honest and blunt; they communicated their opinions and emotions without restraint or much concern about upsetting the other. This behaviour is stereotypical of Mother and daughter relationships, as is the reserved behaviour of Father and Son. I think both presentations could be improved by varying the reactions of the family members. In the Doctor's Surgery, the Father and Son both react by suppressing their emotions, while in our presentation, all of Sarah's daughters reacted similarly, in anger.

All About Homeschool Support Groups

Homeschooling can feel isolating for children and parents alike. It’s so different from what most people are doing and its not uncommon to be the only homeschooling family  in your church or neighborhood or among your extended family. Taking full responsibility for your child’s education sometimes feels overwhelming. Add to that all the friends, relatives, and complete strangers insisting that your child is going to be a lonely social outcast, and you may start to wonder if you really can homeschool your child. That’s when you need a homeschool support group – but if you’re new to homeschooling, you may not have a clue how to go about finding one. First, it helps to make sure that you know what you’re looking for. Many new homeschooling families confuse support groups and co-ops. A support group is, as the name suggests, a group where parents can find support and encouragement from others in similar circumstances. Most support groups offer activities such as field trips, social gatherings, and meetings for parents. A homeschool co-op is a group of parents cooperatively educating their children through group classes. Although youll encounter other homeschooling families and can likely find support, the primary focus is on academic or elective classes for students. Some homeschool support groups do offer co-op classes, but the terms aren’t interchangeable. How to Find a Homeschool Support Group If you’re new to homeschooling or have moved to a new area, try these tips for  locating a homeschool support group: Ask Around One of the easiest ways to find a homeschool support group is to ask. If you know other homeschooling families, most will be happy to point you in the direction of local support groups, even if they’re not part of an organized group themselves. If you don’t know any other homeschooling families, ask at places that homeschooling families are likely to frequent, such as the library or used book store. Even if your friends and relatives dont homeschool, they may know families who do. When my family began homeschooling, a friend whose children attended public school gave me the contact information for two homeschooling families she knew. They were happy to answer my questions even though we didn’t know each other personally. Take to Social Media The prevalence of social media in today’s society makes it an excellent source for connecting with other homeschoolers. There are no fewer than a dozen Facebook groups related to homeschooling in my local circles alone. Search Facebook using your city’s name and â€Å"homeschool.† You can also ask on the pages and groups you’re already involved in. If you follow a homeschool curriculum vendors page, for example, you can usually post on their page asking if there are homeschooling families near you. While not as common as they used to be, many homeschool-related websites still offer member forums. Check them to see if they offer listings for support groups or post a message asking about groups near you. Search Online The Internet is a wealth of information. One excellent resource is the Homeschool Legal Defense page. They maintain a list of homeschool support groups by state, which are then broken down by county. You can also check your statewide homeschool group’s page. You should be able to find it listed on the HSLDA site. If you cant, try  using  your favorite search engine. Just type in your state’s name and â€Å"homeschool support† or â€Å"homeschool support groups.† You may also try searching by your county or city name and the keywords homeschool and support. How to Start Your Own Homeschool Support Group Sometimes, despite your best efforts, you can’t find a homeschool support group. You may live in a rural area without many homeschooling families. Alternately, you may live in an area with many groups, but none which are a good fit. If you’re a secular family, you may not fit in with the religious groups or vice versa. And, as unfortunate as it is, homeschooling families are not above forming cliques, which can be off-putting to new families. If you’re unable to locate a homeschool group, consider starting one of your own That’s what some friends and I did in our early years of homeschooling. That group is where my children and I formed some of our closest friendships that are still strong today. Try these tips for starting your own support group: Decide on the Type of Support Group What type of support group would you like to form? Secular,  faith-based, or inclusive of both? Formal or informal? Online or in-person? The group my friends and I started was an informal, online group. We didn’t have officers or regular meetings. Our communication was primarily through an email group. We did arrange a monthly mom’s night out and hosted  back-to-school and year-end parties. Our field trips were planned and organized by group members. If one mom wanted to plan a trip for her family and work out the details to include other group members, that’s what she did. We offered tips to make planning less stressful, but we didn’t have a designated coordinator. You may want a more formal, organized group with regular monthly meetings and elected officers. Consider the details of your ideal homeschool support group. Then, seek out one or two like-minded individuals to help you get it started. Consider the Type of Events You’ll Offer Most homeschool support groups, whether formal or informal, will plan some sort of events for member families. Think about the type of events your group  might offer. Perhaps you’d like to develop a group whose focus is field trips and family-friendly activities or one that hosts speakers and professional development opportunities for homeschooling parents. You may want to offer social events for the children or even a co-op. You might consider activities such as: Holiday parties such as Valentine’s, Christmas, or HalloweenBack-to-school or year-end partiesPlaygroups and park daysMiddle school and high school social events (dances, bowling, or bonfires)Science, geography, or other themed fairsClubs such as book, Lego, or chessPhysical educationSports opportunities  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ either organized or field-day events Decide Where You’ll Meet If you’ll be hosting in-person support group meetings, consider where you’ll meet. If you’ve got a small group, you may be able to host meetings at members’ homes. Larger groups might consider library meeting rooms, community facilities, restaurant meeting rooms, park pavilions,  or churches. Consider the factors that  may influence where you meet. For example: Will you serve refreshments? If so, what does the facility allow outside food and drinks?Will you offer childcare? If so, is there a place where children can safely play?Will you have guest speakers or will you address the group formally? If so, choose a facility where members can be seated and everyone can see and hear the speaker. Advertise Your Group Once you’ve worked out the logistics of your new homeschool support group, you’ll need to let other families know you exist. Our group placed an advertisement in the support group section of our local homeschool newsletter. You might also: Post a notice on the bulletin board at your local library, used book store, or teacher supply storeShare details in your church bulletin or neighborhood and civic group  newslettersSet up a booth or print brochures for local homeschool conventions and used book salesShare your brochure or a simple flyer with moms groups such as Mommy and Me gym classes, MOPS groups, or La Leche LeagueList your group on websites that offer information about support groups Most importantly, talk to other homeschooling families as much as possible. Word-of-mouth advertising in the homeschooling community is second to none. Most homeschooling parents will find that they benefit from the encouragement of a homeschool support group, particularly on the days when homeschooling is hard. Use these tips to find the right group for you and your family - even if that group starts with you and a couple of friends.

Depression Unemployment and Mackenzie King Essay

Research Essay: To what extent was the Canadian government successful in its attempts to deal with the Depression? Carol Liang After World War I, the North American economy was booming, Canada had the world’s fastest growing economy. The start of the Depression came as a surprise to Canadians. When the stock market in the US, the biggest exported target for Canada’s primary resources after war, crashed, they reduced their demand for the products, people in Canada’s primary industries went bankrupt, unemployment rate raised from four point two percent to thirty percent, people could no more effort the luxurious lives, they did not buy much goods, which made other Canadian companies bankrupt, within a year millions of Canadians lost their†¦show more content†¦In order to get the people on his side, Bennett promised word, to promote the strengthening of Canadas industry behind tariff walls, and to blast (Canadas) way into the markets of the world. His government spent twenty million dollar for work-creation programs, eventually, it did not work much. When he noticed that the budget had been shortfall, he cut back severely spending on the federal government. This action deepened the crisis on the economy in Canada. He had another plan, raised tariffs to protect the domestic industries. Unfortunately, this plan produced more damage than benefit. The other countries raised their tariffs followed by to Canadian goods. The high tariffs hit the exported business by increasing cost. In the other hand, the domestic market could be not sufficient for the Canadians, less and less consume made the Depression more and more grievous. When this plan failed, Bennett had to take some other actions, to ensure the unemployment insurance, reduced the workweek, and set the minimum wages, industrial codes and a permanent economic planning. But those plans did not work out on the way he expected. As the number of jobless and homeless people in Canada growing, Bennett feared these men would come under the influence of the Communist Party, so that, the Communist Party was banned by the government, and some leaders were arrested. As this point, federal government decided to establish the work camps forShow MoreRelatedComparative Article Review: The Great Depression Essay1552 Words   |  7 PagesTwo articles written about the Great Depression, one by James Struthers and the other by John Manley, each article takes a different view on the depression. One is looking exclusively at the politics and the other looking a public organizations and party formations, each showing a fear of foreign ideals. All of this would shape the way in which the working and middle class would look at and provide input into future governments. Let’s look at the differences first, James Struthers you can seeRead MoreThe Negative Impact of the Great Depression on Canada905 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Great Depression known as dirty thirties. It caused long economic slump. Prices fell like stone. Families were left homeless. Men wondered around in search of work. Prairies suffered greatly. Canada was hit hard by the decline of trade. The Great Depression had a negative impact on Canada politically, socially and economically. Canadians were negatively impacted by the lack of the government intervention during Great Depression. When the great depression hit, Mackenzie King was the PrimeRead MoreLife Of Canada During The Great Depression964 Words   |  4 Pages Life in Canada during the Great Depression Mr. Gurr CHC2D2 Quinton Cochran April 29, 2015 St. Andrew’s College Life for people during the Canadian Great Depression of the early 1930 s had the worst living conditions of any Canadians in the 20th century. 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These events were not ‘good’ or ‘accomplishing’ in any way, quite the opposite, but in those times it most likely meant ‘big’. What made it big are many factors, both in the 20’s and 30’s, which can be categorized into three main points:Read MoreThe Great Depression in Canada Essay978 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Depression was a terrible point in Canadian history, and for mos t of the world. It was a point in time where thousands of people lost their jobs, and even lost their homes because of the depressed economy. Business was booming in the early 1920s, but when companies tried to expand, and therefore issued stocks, the economy was thrown off. Some investors sold their stocks for high prices, and as a result, everyone else followed. With less of a demand, stock prices became fractions of whatRead More The Great Depression Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Great Depression was a period, which seemed to go out of control. The crashing of the stock markets left most Canadians unemployed and in debt, prairie farmers suffered immensely with the inability to produce valuable crops, and the Canadian Government and World War II became influential factors in the ending of the Great Depression. The 1920’s meant prosperity for Canada. Canadians living in the 1920’s were freer in values, less disciplined, and concerned withRead MoreChildren s Influence On Children967 Words   |  4 PagesWhen the Depression struck rural families and they were unable to bring in enough income to support their families, children often stayed home from school. Noted, â€Å"In 1939, a United Church worker in central Manitoba discovered that many farm families were without underwear or shoes for their children, who as a result couldn’t attend school† (Berton, 1990, p. 11). The luxuries that children once experienced, were stripped away from them right before their eyes. As a result of the lack of income earnedRead MoreThe Great Downfall By The 1920 S Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pagestheir core. The Great Depression was known to be the most disastrous decade in Canadian history, coming unannounced, with impacts on political, economical, and social aspects. Considering the amount of hardship Canadians were going through during The Great Depression, it seemed as though the Liberal government was doing nothing to help with the people s conditions. By the 1930’s election, signs of the great depression were becoming more visible. Prime Minister Mackenzie King and the Liberal party

The Basic Principles Underlying Peer Observation - 891 Words

In this article I shall look at the basic principles underlying peer observation and its value to institutions and to individual teachers. What is peer observation? Quality control or professional development? How should peer observation be organised? What are the advantages of peer observation for teachers? What are the advantages of peer observation for institutions? What is peer observation? Peer observation is the observation of teachers by teachers, usually, though not always, on a reciprocal basis. Pairings may be mentor/novice or experienced teacher/experienced teacher. In the first case the focus will be more clearly on helping the novice to develop their teaching skills both by observing and being observed by an experienced colleague. In the second case, the objective is to provide opportunities for experienced teachers to reflect on their teaching in a calm and private environment. Quality control or professional development? Quality control Peer observation may be used by an institution as part of its quality assurance procedures. In this model, teachers are asked to assess and report formally on the performance of their colleagues according to criteria set out by the institution. Observation reports form part of the ongoing evaluation of the teacher s performance and may influence decisions on promotion or tenure. There are clear advantages to this type of peer observation. An experienced and competent teacher may be perceived by the institution as theShow MoreRelatedWhy I Am A Teacher807 Words   |  4 PagesNo matter what kind of job a person is going to take, a basic question to answer is about why. Why I want to be a teacher? This is one thing about which I has to be very clear before I decide on anything else such as what type of teacher I desire, or which subject, or where I want to teach. There are several aspects that have motivated me to be a teacher. First, the significant position of education in China makes teacher a most honored and respected role that attracts me. Second, my interestRead MoreAssessing and Evaluating Our Students1386 Words   |  6 Pagesresults (formative), final term examination/achievement test results (summative) as well as samples of students’ writing, self and peer assessment, and my personal observation to monitor the learning progress and mak e any changes that situational factors may require in the course design or the teaching methodology. 1.2. Choice of Assessment with its underlying principles Assessment refers to what students can or cannot do and this ability is measured against a set of learning objectives that have beenRead MoreAnalysis Of Tell Them Who I Am1116 Words   |  5 Pagesa psychological position. 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For instance, in Chemistry, I produced knowledge about rates of reaction by doing a simple experiment that consisted of timing howRead MoreWhy Learning Is The Core Of The Education System1730 Words   |  7 Pagesto become a dominant force within psychology. Behaviourism is shaped on a number of underlying assumptions regarding behavioural analysis and methodology. Such assumptions include the belief that behaviours are measurable, trainable and changeable. Behaviourists believe that we are born a blank slate and that our behaviour is based not on free will however, the environment we live in. Based on Pavlov’s observations, Watson stated that all aspects of human psychology were easily explaining using classicalRead MoreTeachers Practice Through Effective Continuing Professional Learning2193 Words   |  9 Pagesempowering in instigating teacher improvement. This response will seek to explore the usage of the terms supervision and appraisal, deliberate the value of these processes and describe principles of leadership required to implement them in an effective manner. Supervision and Appraisal Before devising a set of principles that might lead to effective implementation of supervision and appraisal in practice, it is essential to define the terms. Within the literature, it appears that both supervision andRead MoreAuditory Processing Disorder1592 Words   |  7 Pagesand parents of preschoolers is often that they just do not seem to get it; that the connections just do not appear to be happening as expected. Assessment by appropriate professionals can determine the underlying nature of the difficulties; however, diagnosis should never be made by observation alone. 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In order to achieve this goal, the focus of the cognitive approach is on how tasks are implemented for maximizing chances of focus on form (Skehan, 1996). The major assumptions underlying the cognitive approach are as follows: 1. Attention is the process that can affect different stages of FL learning and performance as wellwhich is controlled by certain rules that are as follows: a) Here language use, there is only limited amountRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychosexual Development1813 Words   |  8 Pagesthought to be a result of the efforts to resolve the basic conflict between the impulses of biological urges and the restraint of reality and social control over these urges (Haight Taylor, 2013). In order to better understand these dynamics in the mind, Freud constructed 3 interacting systems: the id, the ego, and the superego. The id operates on the pleasure principle that seeks immediate gratification. The ego operates on the reality principle, which seeks to satisfy the id’s needs in realistic

Hester Prynne free essay sample

# 8217 ; s Development Essay, Research Paper Hester Prynne # 8217 ; s Development Hester Prynne, through the eyes of the Puritans, is an utmost evildoer ; she has gone against the Puritan ways, perpetrating criminal conversation. In the town of Boston where the narrative takes topographic point, this wickedness is among the worst for the Puritan community. For this irrevocably harsh wickedness, she must have on a symbol of shame for the remainder of her life. But this test in Hester # 8217 ; s life forces her to maturate. The character of Hester Prynne changed significantly throughout the novel. From the beginning, we see that Hester Prynne is a immature and beautiful adult female who has brought a kid into the universe with an unknown male parent. She is punished by Puritan society by have oning the vermilion missive # 8216 ; A # 8217 ; on the bosom of her frock and standing on the scaffold for three hours. Her hair is a calendered brown and her eyes deep-set ; her garb is rich, congratulating her attractive figure. The scaffold is a painful undertaking to bear ; the townsfolk gathered around to dish the dirt and gaze at Hester and her newborn kid, whom she appropriately named Pearl, named because of her utmost value to her female parent. In the upset of faces in the crowd, immature Hester Prynne sees the face of a adult male she one time was ferociously familiar with, whom we later learn is her true hubby, Roger Chillingworth. Her subjugation to the crowd of Puritan looker-ons is tormenting to bear, and Hester holds the kid to her bosom, a symbolic comparing between the kid and the vermilion missive, connoting that they are genuinely both intertwined. Prynne is imprisoned with her kid, both of whom are emotionally and physically exhausted from the penalty at the scaffold. The hubby, Roger Chillingworth, base on ballss by and is commissioned to be the doctor to the two, and rectify them of their illnesss. She is surprised he had come at such a clip where she was at a point of such awful convuls ion. He demands that she can non uncover his individuality, yet he besides wishes to cognize the individuality of her lover, the male parent of the kid. She refuses to state him. Later in the novel, we discover that Arthur Dimmesdale is the confidential lover. Hester is released from her cell, after which she resides for the following few old ages in a hut by the sea. Her kid, Pearl, is a awfully behaved kid, that is apathetic to the rigorous Puritan society. Pearl is a hurting to delight, holding her manner all the clip because of her female parent # 8217 ; s failure to repress her to the proper Puritan etiquette. The novel explains that the Governors repeatedly attempt to take the kid off from Hester, as she has been deemed unfit to raise the kid without the influence of echt Puritan jurisprudence and order. These efforts are failed, for Arthur Dimmesdale, the male parent and curate of Hester Prynne, insists that the kid is a bond, a necessity of the immature adult female who has nil if she does non hold the kid. Another influence upon Hester is Mistress Ann Hibbens, who is reputed to be a enchantress throughout the community. When Hibbens asks Hester to fall in her in the wood at dark to subscribe the Black Man # 8217 ; s book with her ain blood, she insists that she can non. But if her small Pearl would be taken off, she would lief fall in the â€Å"witch-lady† in the wood that dark, and subscribe the great book in her ain blood. Pearl goes on about her unrestrained ways, throwing stones at other kids that expression at her the incorrect manner and curse at them. It pains Hester to watch her kid go about the universe without comrades, for she loves the kid. When Chillingworth is at the beach picking up workss for expressions to bring around Dimmesdale, who is deteriorating in wellness, he talk to Hester. He mentions that the magistrates may allow her take the vermilion missive, but she declines. Hester is strong with her missive, holding it be a portion of her for so many old ages, and she is willing to take her penalty of have oning it for she knows that she deserves it. Later in the novel, when Chillingworth is at his tallness of holding his manner with Dimmesdale, the diminished curate, Hester and Arthur meet in the wood to discourse their hereafter. Here in the wood, Hester removes the vermilion missive, and drops it on the land. She so removes her cap, allowing her beautiful, calendered brown hair radian ce in the beams of the forest sunshine. Here, Hester Prynne has made a important alteration from her somber, dreary visual aspect, to her beauty of yearss long passed. However, after experiencing rejuvenated, she is defeated to see that her ain kid, Pearl, will non acknowledge her alteration, and, demands that her female parent bind the # 8220 ; badge of wickedness # 8221 ; back upon her bosom. She so goes back to concern, stating her beloved Arthur that she will put canvas with him and Pearl to England after the Election Day discourse, which Dimmesdale is to talk at. Soon plenty, nevertheless, the play unfolds as Chillingworth discovers that the three are get oning a boat across the sea after the Election Day, and he books himself up to go with them, since he is obsessed with tormenting Dimmesdale. Then, the large twenty-four hours came, and Hester was glittering with joy in expectancy of a new life without ridicule or guilt. After prophesying a powerful discourse, the good curat e was walking along with the crowd, when he felt the weight of an overbearing guilt upon his shoulders ; a power that he had felt before had grown vastly tyrannizing upon his frail frame. Hester comforted him to the scaffold, and stuck by him to the terminal, as he admitted his wickedness of criminal conversation, which shocked the people of Boston, go forthing many with their jaws dropped. Finally, Hester did travel back to England with her girl, and she stayed there for many old ages. But after Pearl got married, and Chillingworth was long dead, Hester Prynne returned to Boston. The townsfolk came to her, some staring in awe, some idolizing her presence. She had changed so much after she had taken the first measure onto the Boston scaffold. After decease, she was buried near her lover, Arthur Dimmesdale. On her gravestone, the missive # 8216 ; A # 8217 ; was printed, but the bequest that Hester Prynne left behind made it clear that what it stood for was no longer its original sy mbolism: Hester was genuinely an able adult females.

Song Of Solomon By Toni Morrison Essays (604 words) -

Song Of Solomon By Toni Morrison In the novel Song of Solomon a major ambiguous event occurs. The author, Toni Morrison leaves the interpretation up to the reader on the issue of whether or not Macon killed the white man in the novel. In Song of Solomon, Macon tells his son, Milkman, the story of when his father was killed by white men and he and his sister, Pilate, ran away together. Macon says that he and Pilate were followed by a man who looked just like their father. (168) After three days of being followed by this man, they decided to find an escape by taking cover in a unused cave. In the middle of the night, Macon awoke to find a man sleeping near him, very old, very white, and his smile was awful. (169) Spurred by the images floating through his mind of his father's cold blooded murder at the hands of white men, Macon lashed out in anger and threw a rock at the white man's head. Instead of falling to the ground, the white man kept coming and coming(169) towards Macon. This action by the grinning, sadistic wh ite man signified Macon's sentiment that the white race would not cease to plague his every action. Macon continues to inflict physical harm upon the white man, finally resorting to his knife and brutally murdering the man. After the man took his final breath, Pilate became hysterical, while Macon tried to cover up the body with a tarpaulin. While doing this, Macon discovered that the man possessed great wealth in gold. Macon desired to steal the bags of gold, however, Pilate objected to this and raged at Macon. (12ftopp.) Macon began calling Pilate names, and after realizing her unresponsiveness, he left the cave. He waited outside the entrance all day and night, anticipating her exit from the cave. Once dawn came, he slowly approached the cave until he was chased away by some hunters and their dogs. Macon finally returned to the cave after three days and two nights to find that Pilate, the gold, and the tarpaulin were not to be found, although the body of the man remained. Years later Milkman journeyed to the cave and did not find bones of any kind. Upon further investigation, Milkman discovered from an old lady in the area, Circe, that his grandfather's body had resurfaced after being buried in a shallow grave along a river and had been thrown into the cave by hunters. The reader also learns that Pilate had returned to the cave to collect the bones of the dead man. These events can be interpreted in various ways. A feasible interpretation of this event is that Macon did not actually kill the white man. The man that he supposedly killed was an illusion. The way that he acted toward the man suggests that Macon was still extremely bitter over his father's death, and wanted to avenge his father's murder. The fact that Macon was chased off by hunters, and Circe's information regarding the location of his father's body implies that Macon father's body was dumped into the cave by the hunters the day after Macon's murder. Upon Macon's return to the cave a few days later, the body he saw was that of his father. The fact that the gold and the tarpaulin were mysteriously missing also backs up the probability of it all being an illusion. Because of this, when Pilate returned to the cave years later, the bones she collected were actually her father's bones. Based on this evidence, Macon did not kill the white man. Poetry Essays